Waterborne pathogens are microorganisms that can cause infections when consumed or come into contact with contaminated water. These pathogens include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and protozoa that can be found in both natural bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers, as well as in drinking water supplies. Research in this area focuses on identifying and monitoring the presence of waterborne pathogens, understanding their transmission pathways, and developing strategies to mitigate the risk of waterborne diseases. This includes studies on the impact of environmental factors, such as temperature and pollution, on the survival and growth of pathogens in water sources, as well as the effectiveness of water treatment and disinfection methods in removing or inactivating these pathogens. Overall, research on waterborne pathogens plays a crucial role in protecting public health and ensuring the safety of water resources for drinking, recreational, and agricultural purposes.